{"id":57904,"date":"2017-11-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-02T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/blog\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/"},"modified":"2021-07-23T12:24:07","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T10:24:07","slug":"artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"bold-list\">\n<li>Are AI and smart algorithms the answer to racial bias in sentencing?<\/li>\n<li>Just how \u2018smart\u2019 are these algorithms, anyway?<\/li>\n<li>Justice and the \u2018black box\u2019: is this a new era of criminal justice secrecy?<\/li>\n<li>Loomis v. Wisconsin: the \u2018black box\u2019 is good enough for the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<li>Algorithms and criminal justice &#8211; not such a great idea after all<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While just 3 per cent of the population in the UK, black men are no less than 13 per cent of the prison population. The numbers are just as bad in the US, where &#8211; though only 13 percent of the population &#8211; they\u2019re 40 per cent of the people in prison. If you do the math, this means that black men are incarcerated at about 4 times the rate we would expect from a fair system. \u201cOf those imprisoned in the United States\u201d, Vinay Iyengar <a href=\"http:\/\/harvardpolitics.com\/online\/artificially-intelligent-criminal-justice-reform\/\">notes<\/a> in the Harvard Political Review, \u201c58 percent are black or Hispanic, despite these groups comprising only a quarter of the country\u2019s total population.\u201d These are startling numbers and it\u2019s hard not to see systematic bias in the criminal justice system.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice?\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d32-_wgyjuI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"70853\" class=\"elementor elementor-70853 elementor-70829\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43b2efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43b2efb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;9ae759c&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61c0828\" data-id=\"61c0828\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-475a287 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"475a287\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;4ce4666&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-81ee5fa\" data-id=\"81ee5fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efaa9f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efaa9f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Free trendservice<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-478f7f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"478f7f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReceive the latest insights, research material, e-books, white papers and articles from our research team every month, for free!\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-295c76f\" data-id=\"295c76f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a675f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3a675f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- SharpSpring Form for Newsletter  -->\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n    var ss_form = {'account': 'MzawMLEwtzQwAgA', 'formID': 'SzVPSzMyMrfUNTM0TNM1sTRK0k0yM0nSTUk0TUwxSU41TEw1BAA'};\n    ss_form.width = '100%';\n    ss_form.domain = 'app-3QNPVMFZ4W.marketingautomation.services';\n    \/\/ ss_form.hidden = {'field_id': 'value'}; \/\/ Modify this for sending hidden variables, or overriding values\n    \/\/ ss_form.target_id = 'target'; \/\/ Optional parameter: forms will be placed inside the element with the specified id\n    \/\/ ss_form.polling = true; \/\/ Optional parameter: set to true ONLY if your page loads dynamically and the id needs to be polled continually.\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/koi-3QNPVMFZ4W.marketingautomation.services\/client\/form.js?ver=2.0.1\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<h2>Are AI and smart algorithms the answer to racial bias in sentencing?<\/h2>\n<p>Such a clear problem has attracted a high-tech solution, and smart algorithms driven by cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) have been developed by a number of private firms. Some of these are already being used to assess risk, decide where to send police on patrol, and advise on sentencing. Sharad Goel, a professor at Stanford\u2019s Department of Management Science and Engineering, explains that: \u201cData and algorithms are rapidly transforming law enforcement and criminal justice, including how police officers are deployed, how <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/facial-recognition-tech-turns-our-faces-into-big-business\/\">discrimination<\/a> is detected and how sentencing, probation, and parole terms are set\u201d. But he cautions that though the intentions behind this tech are good, \u201cits use also raises complex legal, social, and ethical questions\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49267\" style=\"width: 801px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49267 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/05\/ai-2.jpg\" alt=\"Close-up of a hand holding a smartphone showing a man\u2019s face mapped on its display, with blurred faces in the background\" width=\"801\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ai-2.jpg 801w, https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ai-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ai-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Such a clear problem has attracted a high-tech solution, and smart algorithms driven by cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) have been developed by a number of private firms.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Just how \u2018smart\u2019 are these algorithms, anyway?<\/h2>\n<p>Smart algorithms have been around for a while now, and whether you realise it or not, they\u2019re keeping a close eye on you. The already help assess your credit-worthiness when you apply for a loan and calculate the fastest route to your destination on Google Maps. And it\u2019s no secret that smart algorithms have proven their capacity to sift through masses of information and sort it for answers. But as Jason Tashea writes for <em>Wired<\/em>, this apparently flawless logic is anything but. Algorithms don\u2019t think &#8211; they act quickly, efficiently, and accurately within the bounds of their code. But that basic programming is no less prone to bias and error than the people who write it.<\/p>\n<p>A case in point: Tashea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2017\/04\/courts-using-ai-sentence-criminals-must-stop-now\/\">describes<\/a> a stretch of motorway in rural Arkansas, well-known to locals for its steep grades and hairpin curves. Truckers who know the area know to avoid it, but the algorithms written for motorway navigation don\u2019t assess these risks. As a result, they plot the most efficient route for large trucks, sending their drivers on a route unfit for commercial traffic. The result has been a dramatic increase in accidents and lots of drivers who no longer trust navigations apps. This is a great example of the problem for algorithms &#8211; they only consider what they\u2019re told to consider. They can\u2019t think outside the box.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"A Harvard Mathematician Reveals How Algorithms Are Making Police And Courts More Biased\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/W6rC7EzBPdo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Justice and the \u2018black box\u2019: is this a new era of criminal justice secrecy?<\/h2>\n<p>And it\u2019s precisely that box that has critics worried. Most such algorithms are sold by private companies. In short, they\u2019re proprietary software that\u2019s not open to those who use it (or who are subject to it). Instead, much like your favourite navigation app, you see the results, but not the calculations or code that provides them. \u201cThere is little oversight and transparency regarding how they work,\u201d Tashea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2017\/04\/courts-using-ai-sentence-criminals-must-stop-now\/\">warns<\/a>. \u201cNowhere is this lack of oversight more stark than in the criminal justice system. Without proper safeguards, these tools risk eroding the rule of law and diminishing individual rights.\u201d We don\u2019t know how these algorithms function or what they consider &#8211; only their makers do. Worse still, the legal system can\u2019t review the decisions or advice they produce &#8211; they can either take it or leave it.<\/p>\n<h2>Loomis v. Wisconsin: the \u2018black box\u2019 is good enough for the Supreme Court<\/h2>\n<p>Here\u2019s an example of at least one significant <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loomis_v._Wisconsin\">legal challenge<\/a>. Eric Loomis, a defendant in a drive-by shooting case, fled the police in a stolen car. After his arrest, his risk to the community and his risk to re-offend were defined by an algorithm. At his sentencing, this information helped inform a six-year prison term, later challenged by his legal team on the grounds that there was no way for his attorneys &#8211; or anyone else for that matter &#8211; to challenge that risk assessment. The algorithm\u2019s judgment on Loomis was sealed, private, and \u2018black-boxed\u2019, the very opposite of how criminal justice should function. Despite this, the US Supreme Court declined to hear his case, leaving the lower court\u2019s ruling in place, and leaving Loomis behind bars.<\/p>\n<p>These algorithms are intended to offer help to overworked courts and guard defendants against bias. The companies that make them arrive with the best of intentions. But to make money, they keep secrets from their competitors, and this need for secrets means that the justice system itself can\u2019t be certain what the algorithm considers when reaching its decisions. That might be fine for Google Maps, but in the courtroom that\u2019s not nearly good enough. And despite the promise of neutrality, attempts to assess just how blind AI is have shown startling bias. As early as 2014, these problems were already gaining attention. The US Attorney General at the time, Eric Holder, reasoned that, \u201cAlthough these measures were crafted with the best of intentions, I am concerned that they inadvertently undermine our efforts to ensure individualised and equal justice\u201d. A number of cases have demonstrated this bias, and risk assessments are often perversely wrong, reinforcing stereotypes and undermining racial justice.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26250\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26250\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26250\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/05\/Loomis-v.-Wisconsin-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Two men in dark-green shirts sitting, the one in the foreground talking, while the other is blurred in the background \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26250\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The algorithm\u2019s judgment on Loomis was sealed, private, and \u2018black-boxed\u2019, the very opposite of how criminal justice should function.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Algorithms and criminal justice &#8211; not such a great idea after all<\/h2>\n<p>Algorithms do a great many things well. But criminal justice is not one of them. As Christopher Markou, a Ph.D. candidate in law at Cambridge, worries, they represent the black-boxing of criminal justice and a return to star-chambers and closed courts where defendants need not face their accusers or hear reasoned arguments about their guilt. Within these systems, guilt and innocence, risk and sentencing, are a closed circuit, hidden from the very institutions that enforce them. Markou sees this as a critical failing. \u201cLegal systems depend on continuity of information, transparency and ability to review,\u201d he writes. \u201cWhat we do not want as a society is a justice system that encourages a race to the bottom for AI startups to deliver products as quickly, cheaply and exclusively as possible. While some AI observers have seen this coming for years, it\u2019s now here &#8211; and it\u2019s a terrible idea.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are AI and smart algorithms the answer to racial bias in sentencing? Just how \u2018smart\u2019 are these algorithms, anyway? Justice and the \u2018black box\u2019: is this a new era of criminal justice secrecy? Loomis v. Wisconsin: the \u2018black box\u2019 is good enough for the Supreme Court Algorithms and criminal justice &#8211; not such a great [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45355,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2871],"tags":[4361,4218,4362],"article-type":[],"trends":[5485],"class_list":["post-57904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-government","tag-algorithms","tag-future","tag-justice","trends-artificial-intelligence-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? Critics worry that the answer might be \u2018yes\u2019. &amp;#x2705\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? Critics worry that the answer might be \u2018yes\u2019. &amp;#x2705\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Richard van Hooijdonk Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-11-02T22:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-23T10:24:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"526\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hein\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hein\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hein\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cd9351ef31c33ebb6dd4efd845fe2b37\"},\"headline\":\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice?\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-02T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-23T10:24:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1264,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"algorithms\",\"future\",\"justice\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Government\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/\",\"name\":\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-02T22:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-23T10:24:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? Critics worry that the answer might be \u2018yes\u2019. &#x2705\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":526,\"caption\":\"Humanoid robot holding judge\u2019s gavel, with lines of code in the background\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/en\\\/keynotespreker-trendwatcher-en-futurist\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Richard van Hooijdonk Blog\",\"description\":\"Keynote speaker, trendwatcher and futurist\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Richard van Hooijdonk BV\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/logo-footer-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/logo-footer-1.png\",\"width\":100,\"height\":72,\"caption\":\"Richard van Hooijdonk BV\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cd9351ef31c33ebb6dd4efd845fe2b37\",\"name\":\"Hein\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/17c0b4046546bb0e1add38c8f8f5e3d0b4a016ca1bf1f7d002bb95611e4bbda4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/17c0b4046546bb0e1add38c8f8f5e3d0b4a016ca1bf1f7d002bb95611e4bbda4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/17c0b4046546bb0e1add38c8f8f5e3d0b4a016ca1bf1f7d002bb95611e4bbda4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hein\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog","description":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? Critics worry that the answer might be \u2018yes\u2019. &#x2705","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog","og_description":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? Critics worry that the answer might be \u2018yes\u2019. &#x2705","og_url":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/","og_site_name":"Richard van Hooijdonk Blog","article_published_time":"2017-11-02T22:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-07-23T10:24:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":526,"url":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hein","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Hein","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/"},"author":{"name":"Hein","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cd9351ef31c33ebb6dd4efd845fe2b37"},"headline":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice?","datePublished":"2017-11-02T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-23T10:24:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/"},"wordCount":1264,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg","keywords":["algorithms","future","justice"],"articleSection":["Government"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/","url":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/","name":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg","datePublished":"2017-11-02T22:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-23T10:24:07+00:00","description":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice? Critics worry that the answer might be \u2018yes\u2019. &#x2705","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/shutterstock_404939428-min-700x460-1.jpg","width":800,"height":526,"caption":"Humanoid robot holding judge\u2019s gavel, with lines of code in the background"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/artificially-intelligent-judge-jury-and-executioner-will-algorithms-take-over-criminal-justice\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/keynotespreker-trendwatcher-en-futurist\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Artificially intelligent judge, jury, and executioner \u2013 will algorithms take over criminal justice?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/","name":"Richard van Hooijdonk Blog","description":"Keynote speaker, trendwatcher and futurist","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#organization","name":"Richard van Hooijdonk BV","url":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-footer-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-footer-1.png","width":100,"height":72,"caption":"Richard van Hooijdonk BV"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cd9351ef31c33ebb6dd4efd845fe2b37","name":"Hein","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17c0b4046546bb0e1add38c8f8f5e3d0b4a016ca1bf1f7d002bb95611e4bbda4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17c0b4046546bb0e1add38c8f8f5e3d0b4a016ca1bf1f7d002bb95611e4bbda4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17c0b4046546bb0e1add38c8f8f5e3d0b4a016ca1bf1f7d002bb95611e4bbda4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hein"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57904"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57904\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57904"},{"taxonomy":"article-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-type?post=57904"},{"taxonomy":"trends","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/trends?post=57904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}