{"id":57966,"date":"2018-05-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-17T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/blog\/fake-audio-and-video-footage-is-on-the-increase-spreading-lies-one-share-at-a-time-is-this-the-end-of-reality\/"},"modified":"2024-12-19T22:15:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T20:15:19","slug":"fake-audio-and-video-footage-is-on-the-increase-spreading-lies-one-share-at-a-time-is-this-the-end-of-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/fake-audio-and-video-footage-is-on-the-increase-spreading-lies-one-share-at-a-time-is-this-the-end-of-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"Fake audio and video footage is on the increase, spreading lies one share at a time. Is this the end of reality?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"bold-list\">\n<li>Voice impersonation and fake video: fooling humans as well as biometric authentication systems<\/li>\n<li>Fake news is as old as genuine news \u2013 but this time it\u2019s different<\/li>\n<li>Video faking is destroying trust at every possible level<\/li>\n<li>In the future, there\u2019ll be video \u2018evidence\u2019 of whatever you want (others) to believe<\/li>\n<li>How can we make sure footage is real (or not)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We\u2019re becoming increasingly accustomed to seeing and even sharing manipulated content. Think photoshopped supermodels or virtual and augmented reality filters in social media apps like Snapchat. This doctored content we consume on a daily basis is increasingly realistic-looking, to the extent that we often struggle to distinguish the fake from the real. And as if this isn\u2019t problematic enough \u2013 for various, obvious reasons \u2013 new types of audio and video manipulation tools are emerging, driven by high-tech computer graphic tools and advanced artificial intelligence. These enable the creation \u2013 literally, from scratch \u2013 of hyper-realistic looking footage of (prominent) figures saying, well, just about anything. And figuring out whether what you hear and see is real is becoming a serious challenge.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Fake audio and video footage is on the increase, spreading lies one share at a time.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_5o-uvvkbqQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Voice impersonation and fake video: fooling humans as well as biometric authentication systems<\/h2>\n<p>A team of researchers at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uab.edu\/news\/innovation\/item\/6532-uab-research-finds-automated-voice-imitation-can-fool-humans-and-machines\">University of Alabama at Birmingham<\/a> has been working on voice impersonation. With less than 5 minutes of footage of someone\u2019s voice \u2013 whether it\u2019s a live sample or audio taken from radio or YouTube \u2013 a synthesised likeness can be created that\u2019s so authentic sounding that it can fool <a href=\"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/keynote\/trends-2040-ben-jij-er-klaar-voor\/\">biometric authentication systems<\/a> as well as humans. These can be used, for example, for turning textbooks into audio versions featuring the voices of famous people. Although these sound like relatively harmless applications of the technology, imagine combining this with face-morphing tech, which would open a Pandora\u2019s Box of not-so-kosher possibilities, like well-known people making false statements. A good example is the <a href=\"http:\/\/grail.cs.washington.edu\/projects\/AudioToObama\/\">Synthesizing Obama Project<\/a> by the University of Washington. During this study, the audio from one of Obama\u2019s speeches was used in a completely different video of the former US president. This was accomplished by using hours and hours of footage to train a recurrent neural network.<\/p>\n<p>Have a look at the below video:<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Synthesizing Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9Yq67CjDqvw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>At Stanford University, researchers led by Dr Matthias Niessner have developed software called <a href=\"http:\/\/niessnerlab.org\/projects\/thies2016face.html\">Face2Face<\/a>, which can be used to manipulate video to enable a second person to put words in the speaker\u2019s mouth \u2013 in real time. It\u2019s basically a more sophisticated version of SnapChat\u2019s face-swap. Using a webcam, the research team captures the second person\u2019s facial expressions, after which the footage is morphed \u2013 in real time \u2013 onto the face of the person in the initial video. The technology was demonstrated with videos of Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump, and a live demonstration of the result was broadcast during a late night talk show.<\/p>\n<h2>Fake news is as old as genuine news. But this time it\u2019s different<\/h2>\n<p>Pablo Boczkowski, a professor in the School of Communication at Northwestern University, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seeker.com\/manipulated-video-and-audio-will-make-future-fake-news-even-more-belie-2181890359.html\">tells<\/a> the media company <em>Seeker<\/em> that &#8220;Fake news is as old as true news. There&#8217;s always been misinformation. What we have now is an information infrastructure that is very different, with a scale and a scope that we haven&#8217;t seen before&#8221;. Video and sound recordings have always appeared incorruptible, and have been exploited to mislead for decades. Since World War I, there has been film propaganda. In those days, however, the process was expensive and time consuming. Furthermore, it wasn\u2019t difficult to distinguish between real actors and animations.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31843\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31843\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31843 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/05\/fake-news-1024x576-1.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of CNN Live where a man and a woman discuss fake news\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Video and sound recordings have always appeared incorruptible, and have been exploited to mislead for decades.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But with current technology, fake or dead people can play in movies alongside actors who are very much alive. And they can be made to say and do virtually anything. Until very recently, this type of \u2018magic\u2019 required sophisticated and very costly computing. But that\u2019s all changed. Some of these audio and video manipulation programs, created with machine learning algorithms, can even be downloaded for free \u2013 if you know what to look for. Then, using a simple home computer and open source code, anyone with a working knowledge of deep learning algorithms and a bit of imagination can create a very convincing video in which one person\u2019s face is morphed onto another person\u2019s body.<\/p>\n<h2>Video faking is destroying trust at every possible level<\/h2>\n<p>The proliferation of these easy and cheap techniques to create fake video not only has the potential to be damaging to people\u2019s reputations and integrity, it also destroys trust at every level. Face-swapping has been used in porn videos, transposing the images of public figures such as pop stars, actors, and other celebs. This practice can even be used to inflame community or racial differences or to commit crimes like extortion. And even though this type of morphing technology is still far from perfect, given time, we will eventually be able to recreate someone\u2019s voice or appearance in extremely convincing ways \u2013 so much so that it will be virtually impossible to tell the difference between authentic and fabricated footage. Shared on social media, footage like this could go viral in an instant and have disastrous consequences. People have been proven to share clearly fake articles or photos far and wide \u2013 thinking they\u2019re true \u2013 without thinking twice. The ramifications when it comes to this new type of doctored video footage can potentially be far worse.<\/p>\n<h2>In the future, there\u2019ll be video \u2018evidence\u2019 of whatever you want (others) to believe<\/h2>\n<p>Already there\u2019s an abundance of news stories, blogs and articles supporting what we (want others to) believe \u2013 whatever our prejudices. In the future, there\u2019ll be video \u2018evidence\u2019 for each and every thing you want corroborated as well. Whether it\u2019s Trump confessing to the many allegations against him, or footage of a senator involved in a misdeed, or the Pope getting it on with a popstar. Footage of a politician making a dirty deal or a businessman engaging in fraudulent practices will be increasingly difficult to authenticate. What happens when every recording of a corporate misstep, every video of a cheating spouse, even children&#8217;s baby pictures, lose their credibility as evidence? And what about doctored video used for smearing political opponents \u2013 which becomes an increasingly likely possibility as this technology becomes more widely available? It won\u2019t really matter whether or for what length of time the footage will hold up, because once it goes viral, it will leave an impression with millions of people that even debunking will not completely take away.<\/p>\n<p>Donald Trump has reportedly already claimed that the <em>Access Hollywood<\/em> &#8220;grab &#8217;em by the p***y&#8221; comment wasn&#8217;t made by him. In two years\u2019 time, he might have a valid (albeit untrue) argument that it was fabricated.<\/p>\n<p>These developments can only lead to a breakdown in trust in society and a steady increase in the general feelings of suspicion many of us already have. Are we inching closer to a world in which truth and lies coexist in such a way that we are unable to distinguish between the two? Will people eventually believe whatever they want, regardless of the actual truth?<\/p>\n<h2>How can we make sure the footage is real (or not)?<\/h2>\n<p>Because of the extensive distribution of hyper-realistic fake news content on social media and the resulting erosion of trust, scrutinising content that looks and sounds authentic will become increasingly important. And this will take more than advertising bans by social media giants or automated fact-checking tools that can identify fake news before it gets a chance to spread. Consumers of social news \u2013 which is practically all of us \u2013 will have to do their bit as well.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mandyjenkins.com\/\">According to<\/a> Mandy Jenkins from Storyful, a social news firm specialising in the verification of news content, people will need to check whether the audio is synced properly, take a close look at shadows and lighting and corroborate this with the time of day the video was supposedly taken, and ascertain if the sizing of all the elements in the video is correct. Other things to look out for are the location where the footage was created, if weather conditions match weather records of that day, and which other people were present at the event.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat needs to change is the culture of interpretation,\u201d says Boczkowski. &#8220;When a story about Pope Francis endorsing the candidacy of Donald Trump gets more than one million shares, that tells us that we have a culture of critique that&#8217;s not ready to distinguish this kind of misinformation&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Hopefully, the explosion of fake news and audio\/video manipulation technology and the potential damage it can cause will make us realise that we need to take a much closer look at content on social media before we hit the \u2018share\u2019 button.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Voice impersonation and fake video: fooling humans as well as biometric authentication systems Fake news is as old as genuine news \u2013 but this time it\u2019s different Video faking is destroying trust at every possible level In the future, there\u2019ll be video \u2018evidence\u2019 of whatever you want (others) to believe How can we make sure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45532,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2870],"tags":[4651,4416,4622],"article-type":[],"trends":[],"class_list":["post-57966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-fake-news-en-2","tag-propaganda","tag-social-media-en-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fake audio and video footage is on the increase, spreading lies one share at a time. 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