{"id":57977,"date":"2018-06-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-06-13T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/blog\/patient-with-tennis-ball-size-tumours-saved-by-her-own-immune-cells-is-immunotherapy-the-future-of-cancer-treatment\/"},"modified":"2019-08-28T09:45:28","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T07:45:28","slug":"patient-with-tennis-ball-size-tumours-saved-by-her-own-immune-cells-is-immunotherapy-the-future-of-cancer-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/patient-with-tennis-ball-size-tumours-saved-by-her-own-immune-cells-is-immunotherapy-the-future-of-cancer-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Patient with tennis ball-size tumours saved by her own immune cells &#8211; is immunotherapy the future of cancer treatment?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"bold-list\">\n<li>Advanced breast cancer patients have limited treatment options<\/li>\n<li>Doctors have completely eradicated a patient\u2019s advanced breast cancer using immunotherapy<\/li>\n<li>The approach could theoretically work on other types of cancer as well<\/li>\n<li>There\u2019s still a long way to go<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With nearly 1.7 million new diagnoses and 520,000 deaths <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancerresearch.org\/immunotherapy\/cancer-types\/breast-cancer\">recorded<\/a> in 2012 alone, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. It accounts for approximately 12 per cent of all cancer diagnoses, with 1 in 8 women likely to develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. Men are affected too, but it\u2019s far less likely, with just 1 in 1,000 suffering the same fate.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Is immunotherapy the future of cancer treatment?\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NNyL5T4G6IE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Thanks to advances in medicine, the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancerresearch.org\/immunotherapy\/cancer-types\/breast-cancer\">increased<\/a> dramatically over the years, from 63 per cent in the 1960s to 89 per cent today. The survival rate is the highest when the disease is localised &#8211; 99 per cent of people survive this diagnosis &#8211; but it drops as the disease progresses. If the cancer has spread to the neighbouring lymph nodes, a patient\u2019s odds of 5-year survival drop to 85 per cent, while for patients with stage 4 cancer and distant metastases, hope is slim: just 26 per cent survive.<\/p>\n<h2>Advanced breast cancer patients have limited treatment options<\/h2>\n<p>Surgery is the most common treatment for breast cancer, provided it\u2019s discovered early enough, followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the stage of the disease and its molecular characteristics. However, for patients in advanced stages of cancer, treatment options are rather limited, and their prognosis is grim. Yet, there may be hope on the horizon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30936\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30936\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-30936 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/05\/Advanced-breast-cancer-patients-1.jpg\" alt=\"An X-ray-like photo of a female chest showing red area affected with breast cancer\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30936\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surgery is the most common treatment for breast cancer, provided it\u2019s discovered early enough, followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the stage of the disease and its molecular characteristics.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Historically, breast cancer has been considered immunologically silent, which means it would usually go undetected by the immune system. However, several recent clinical studies have found evidence that immunotherapy could actually improve chances for breast cancer patients. Immunotherapy is a form of treatment that uses the patient\u2019s own immune system to fight cancer, helping it recognise and kill tumour cells. Compared to conventional chemotherapeutic and targeted treatments, it has several advantages, including fewer side effects and lower chances of patients developing resistance.<\/p>\n<h2>Doctors have completely eradicated a patient\u2019s advanced breast cancer using immunotherapy<\/h2>\n<p>One of these trials took place at the National Cancer Institute in Maryland, where a team led by Dr. Steven Rosenberg recently announced they were able to completely eradicate a woman\u2019s advanced breast cancer using a groundbreaking <a href=\"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/keynote\/the-future-of-healthcare\/\">immunotherapy treatment<\/a>. Before she entered the trial, 49-year-old Judy Perkins had already undergone several rounds of chemotherapy. However, the treatment ultimately proved unsuccessful and the cancer spread to other parts, with tennis ball-sized tumours in her liver and secondary cancers throughout her body. The doctors said she only had three years left to live.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Cutting-edge immunotherapy treatment removes all traces of cancer in woman\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1zvh57dD0RA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>At this point, she was accepted into the National Cancer Institute\u2019s clinical trial, where doctors were attempting to use an experimental form of immunotherapy to fight cancer. Here\u2019s how it works. First, the doctors remove small pieces of tissue from the patient\u2019s tumours and sequence its DNA to identify mutations specific to that cancer. Then they extract the patient\u2019s immune cells from the tumour tissue and screen them to identify those that were most effective in targeting the cancer\u2019s key mutations. Known as tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, or T-cells, these cells have managed to infiltrate the tumour tissue but failed to kill the cancer, because they were either too weak or there simply weren\u2019t enough of them. Doctors then grow billions of these cells in the lab and inject them back into the patient\u2019s body in the hope they\u2019ll attack the cancer and destroy it.<\/p>\n<h2>The approach could theoretically work on other types of cancer as well<\/h2>\n<p>In Perkins\u2019 case, 80 billion immune cells were injected into her body and she was also given pembrolizumab, a common cancer treatment drug. 42 weeks later, the cancer was completely gone, an unprecedented development for a disease in such an advanced stage. The patient remains cancer-free even two years after undergoing the treatment. The doctors admit that they\u2019re not yet entirely sure how much of this success can be attributed to the modified T-cells and how much to the drug, which has been given to advanced breast cancer patients in the past, but hasn\u2019t been proven particularly effective.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis research is experimental right now,\u201d says Dr Rosenberg. \u201cBut because this new approach to immunotherapy is dependent on mutations, not on cancer type, it is in a sense a blueprint we can use for the treatment of many types of cancer.\u201d What makes this success even more impressive is that breast cancer usually doesn\u2019t have many mutations, making it much harder for the immune system to differentiate it from healthy tissue. \u201cThe work shows that even cancers like breast cancer, which don\u2019t have many antigens, are amenable to this sort of treatment. It would certainly be applicable in principle to a range of tumours, and even those in which immunotherapy hasn\u2019t worked so well yet,\u201d says Alan Melcher, a professor of translational immunotherapy at the Institute of Cancer Research in London.<\/p>\n<h2>There\u2019s still a long way to go<\/h2>\n<p>This treatment offers a glimmer of hope for patients with advanced breast cancer. And doctors hope that it will work on other types of tumours as well, including ovarian and prostate cancer. \u201cWe are now at the cusp of a major revolution in finally realising the elusive goal of being able to target the plethora of mutations in cancer through immunotherapy,\u201d says Laszlo Radvanyi, the scientific director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. But there\u2019s still a long way to go.<\/p>\n<p>The next step involves assessing the effectiveness of the treatment through full-scale clinical trials. Experts warn that we still don\u2019t know how effective the treatment actually is, because it\u2019s only been successfully applied to one patient so far. \u201cThis is a remarkable and extremely promising result, but we need to see this effect repeated in other patients before giving hope of a new immunotherapy for incurable metastatic breast cancer,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2018\/jun\/04\/doctors-hail-world-first-as-womans-advanced-breast-cancer-is-eradicated\">says<\/a> Simon Vincent, the director of research at Breast Cancer Now. This kind of therapy is also very complex and expensive, and can only be effective if the doctors are able to find enough infiltrating immune cells in a patient\u2019s tumour. \u201cThe case with other TIL therapies in the past is that they\u2019ve not been able to expand enough T cells in many patients, there aren\u2019t enough to start with,\u201d explains Melcher.<\/p>\n<p>Although the research is still in very early stages, this is a groundbreaking development that offers new hope for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, and possibly even other types of cancer that were considered incurable until now. There\u2019s still a long way to go before immunotherapy becomes a go-to method for cancer treatment, but there may finally be a light at the end of the tunnel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Advanced breast cancer patients have limited treatment options Doctors have completely eradicated a patient\u2019s advanced breast cancer using immunotherapy The approach could theoretically work on other types of cancer as well There\u2019s still a long way to go With nearly 1.7 million new diagnoses and 520,000 deaths recorded in 2012 alone, breast cancer is the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45565,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2872],"tags":[4579,4425],"article-type":[],"trends":[],"class_list":["post-57977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-healthcare","tag-cancer-en-2","tag-immunotherapy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Patient with tennis ball-size tumours saved by her own immune cells - is immunotherapy the future of cancer treatment? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A patient with advanced breast cancer was saved by her own immune cells! 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