{"id":57997,"date":"2018-08-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/blog\/never-mind-the-physical-dangers-of-going-to-mars-it-can-drive-you-crazy-too\/"},"modified":"2021-03-24T14:54:01","modified_gmt":"2021-03-24T12:54:01","slug":"never-mind-the-physical-dangers-of-going-to-mars-it-can-drive-you-crazy-too","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/never-mind-the-physical-dangers-of-going-to-mars-it-can-drive-you-crazy-too\/","title":{"rendered":"Never mind the physical dangers of going to Mars \u2013 it can drive you crazy, too!"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"bold-list\">\n<li>Social isolation and confinement can lead to a variety of mental health issues<\/li>\n<li>NASA is simulating Mars-like conditions on Earth<\/li>\n<li>Other stress management techniques include virtual reality simulators and automated computer programs for depression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Going to <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/will-musks-absurdly-powerful-big-f-ing-rocket-return-us-to-the-moon-or-even-take-us-to-mars\/\">Mars<\/a> has long been humanity\u2019s dream, but until recently, the whole idea was nothing more than a popular plot for science fiction authors. That\u2019s changed. Thanks to the latest technological breakthroughs, we are now finally ready to take the next step in space exploration and send people to the Red Planet. In fact, there are already several projects in the works, including Mars One, a private one-way trip to Mars planned for 2022, as well as NASA\u2019s own manned mission to Mars, which is scheduled for sometime in the 2030s. The only question left to answer is: how do we make sure our people will be safe once they get there?<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Never mind the physical dangers of going to Mars \u2013 it can drive you crazy, too!\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kdqusNRK6GE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>There are numerous dangers awaiting astronauts in space, from meteorites and radiation from solar flares to the effects of lower gravity on their cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. But the biggest danger may actually be to their mental health. Social isolation, confinement, loss of privacy, and the lack of mental health services are just some of the factors astronauts will have to learn to cope with to thrive on Mars.<\/p>\n<h2>Social isolation and confinement can lead to a variety of mental health issues<\/h2>\n<p>Social isolation is one of the biggest issues associated with space travel. It takes up to 45 minutes for radio waves to travel between Mars and Earth, and that means that the astronauts won\u2019t have the ability to communicate with friends and family back home in real time. Worse still, they\u2019ll be cooped-up with their fellow explorers, spending months if not years in close quarters. In such conditions, even the smallest detail can become unbearable given enough time. \u201cWhen you\u2019re stuck with people over these long durations, micro-stimuli can become really irritating,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/mach\/science\/going-mars-will-involve-all-sorts-risks-going-bonkers-might-ncna895261?cid=eml_mach_20180730\">says<\/a> Kim Binsted, a University of Hawaii psychologist who studies the effects of human spaceflight. \u201cLet\u2019s say you can\u2019t stand the way your crew-mate chews his cereal. Suddenly it goes from \u2018Eh, I wish he\u2019d close his mouth more\u2019 to \u2018I\u2019m going to stab him.\u2019\u201d And it\u2019s not like you can just go outside for a walk to calm your nerves. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/head-quarters\/2013\/sep\/09\/neuroscience-psychology\">According<\/a> to research, prolonged isolation can lead to a variety of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, fatigue, boredom, insomnia, and emotional instability. And even the most highly trained astronauts are not immune to these effects.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30498\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30498\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-30498 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/05\/social-isolation-1024x672gjjjjj.jpg\" alt=\"An astronaut in a space suit stands on mars\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Social isolation is one of the biggest issues associated with space travel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Then, there is also the matter of confinement. With an unbreathable atmosphere and average temperatures of around -60 degrees Celsius, the astronauts will have to spend the majority of their time inside in remarkably small spaces. For example, NASA\u2019s current Mars Transit habitat concept, which is supposed to hold four astronauts and their gear, is only 8.5 metres high, 8.5 metres wide, and 5 metres long. The participants in the Mars One project will be in a similar predicament, with just 50 square metres allocated per person. And prolonged confinement in small spaces can produce similar symptoms to social isolation, such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment.<\/p>\n<h2>NASA is simulating Mars-like conditions on Earth<\/h2>\n<p>How can we make sure that the people we send up there won\u2019t lose their minds? Considering that nobody has ever gone to Mars, our best bet is to try to simulate the conditions as faithfully as possible here on Earth and see how people react. For this purpose, NASA built a 110-square-metre analog habitat called the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation, or HI-SEAS. Located in an isolated area on the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii, HI-SEAS allows researchers to place volunteers in a Mars-like environment for up to a year and study how they respond to things like extreme isolation and time-delayed communications.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Life on Mars: Scientists kept isolated for 8 months in NASA-funded Mars simulation - TomoNews\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/p52lI7TSwII?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Previously, NASA used the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) to run 45-day isolation tests on their crew. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/mach\/science\/going-mars-will-involve-all-sorts-risks-going-bonkers-might-ncna895261?cid=eml_mach_20180730\">according<\/a> to Binsted, that\u2019s not enough time to properly conduct that kind of study, because it usually takes about six months for the stressors to come out. Five HI-SEAS simulations have been successfully completed so far and the biggest takeaway is that every crew will start fighting eventually, regardless of the group dynamics. But there are also ways to increase the likelihood of mission success, including making sure that the crew members are compatible with one other.<\/p>\n<p>Mars 500 was a psychosocial isolation experiment conducted between 2007 and 2011 in Russia by the Russian Federation, European Space Agency, and China National Space Administration, in which six male volunteers were placed in simulated spacecraft for 520 days. During that time, the volunteers were given weekly questionnaires asking them to assess their mood, stress, depression levels, fatigue, reaction time, and conflicts with others. What they discovered was that crew members had varied responses to stressors, with one man showing some symptoms of depression in more than 90 per cent of the mission weeks, while two others showed no signs of psychological distress or behavioral disturbances throughout the simulation.<\/p>\n<h2>Other stress management techniques include virtual reality simulators and automated computer programs for depression<\/h2>\n<p>NASA is also trying to develop systems that will be able to monitor the astronauts\u2019 brain activity, heart rate, and cortisol levels in their bloodstream, elevated levels of which have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/the-athletes-way\/201301\/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1\">linked<\/a> with higher risk of depression and mental illness. The problem with invasive monitoring is that it could potentially put additional stress on the astronauts, so NASA is looking at something more subtle, such as AI systems capable of reading astronauts\u2019 facial expression and their language, or sociometric badges that could detect angry voices and notify the crew commander. Furthermore, NASA is also exploring other techniques that could help astronauts cope with anxiety and depression, such as virtual reality simulators and interactive computer games. For instance, Deprexis is an automated computer programme for cognitive behavioral therapy that has been shown to deliver small to moderate benefits in depression. Even though it\u2019s only half as effective as normal psychotherapy, it can certainly come in handy in conditions where real time access to counselling and psychotherapy isn\u2019t possible.<\/p>\n<p>With a manned mission to Mars a virtual certainty in the near future, the race is on to ensure that everything runs smoothly and that the people we send up there are safe. In addition to various physical dangers, space exploration presents a known risk to astronauts\u2019 mental health. Social isolation and confinement in particular can lead to a variety of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, insomnia, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. NASA is doing everything in its power to prepare its crew for a prolonged exposure to these stressors, including simulating similar conditions here on Earth. However, the truth is that we won\u2019t know for sure what will happen until they actually go out there.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Social isolation and confinement can lead to a variety of mental health issues NASA is simulating Mars-like conditions on Earth Other stress management techniques include virtual reality simulators and automated computer programs for depression Going to Mars has long been humanity\u2019s dream, but until recently, the whole idea was nothing more than a popular plot [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45628,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2886],"tags":[4633,4632,4242],"article-type":[],"trends":[],"class_list":["post-57997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transportation","tag-mars-en-2","tag-nasa-en-2","tag-travel"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Never mind the physical dangers of going to Mars \u2013 it can drive you crazy, too! - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Never mind the physical dangers of going to Mars \u2013 it can drive you crazy, too! &amp;#x2705\" \/>\n<meta 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