{"id":58001,"date":"2018-09-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-05T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/blog\/in-a-future-of-mind-uploading-will-you-still-be-you-and-who-will-own-your-mind\/"},"modified":"2019-08-28T11:43:35","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T09:43:35","slug":"in-a-future-of-mind-uploading-will-you-still-be-you-and-who-will-own-your-mind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/in-a-future-of-mind-uploading-will-you-still-be-you-and-who-will-own-your-mind\/","title":{"rendered":"In a future of mind uploading, will you still be you, and who will own your mind?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"bold-list\">\n<li>The US startup Nectome wants to upload your mind to the cloud<\/li>\n<li>The 2045 Initiative promises to help humanity achieve immortality by 2045<\/li>\n<li>Current evidence suggests that mind uploading is theoretically possible<\/li>\n<li>The practical and ethical issues of mind uploading<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Achieving <a href=\"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/keynote\/the-future-of-healthcare\/\">immortality<\/a> has long been humanity\u2019s holy grail. Ever since we first became aware of the fragility of our own existence, we\u2019ve been looking for ways to cheat death and prolong our lives indefinitely. Although advancements in medicine have enabled us to significantly increase our lifespan, true immortality has remained out of reach. Achieving physical immortality may very well prove to be beyond our capabilities, but what about digital immortality?<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"In a future of mind uploading, will you still be you, and who will own your mind?\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hS631vsjAPw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>The US startup Nectome wants to upload your mind to the cloud<\/h2>\n<p>A US startup called Nectome recently unveiled plans to help humanity achieve digital immortality by preserving the brain &#8211; using a revolutionary new embalming technique &#8211; and subsequently uploading it to the cloud. The process is called vitrifixation, or Aldehyde-Stabilised Cryopreservation. It involves replacing the blood flow in the brain with embalming chemicals that preserve its neuronal structure in microscopic detail, basically by turning it into \u2018frozen glass\u2019. \u201cYou can think of what we do as a fancy form of embalming that preserves not just the outer details but the inner details,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/610456\/a-startup-is-pitching-a-mind-uploading-service-that-is-100-percent-fatal\/\">explains<\/a> Robert McIntyre, a co-founder of Nectome.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30452\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30452\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-30452 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/05\/Nectome-mind-upload-1024x683gjz.jpg\" alt=\"Digital representation of a human brain\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30452\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A US startup called Nectome recently unveiled plans to help humanity achieve digital immortality by preserving the brain &#8211; using a revolutionary new embalming technique &#8211; and subsequently uploading it to the cloud.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>There are a couple of caveats, though. The biggest one is that you can\u2019t actually survive the procedure. Furthermore, in order for it to work, it needs to be performed on a living brain. If the brain has been dead even for a short amount of time, it will become irreparably damaged and the procedure won\u2019t be successful. That means that it would essentially be a form of suicide, which would make it legal only in those US states that allow euthanasia, such as California. Another major downside is that Nectome still isn\u2019t even close to developing a method for reviving or uploading the preserved brain to the cloud.<\/p>\n<p>However, this uncertainty didn\u2019t stop people from investing in the idea, with 25 people already having joined the waiting list by paying a $10,000, fully-refundable deposit. One of those people is Sam Altman, the chief executive of the successful startup accelerator Y Combinator, which recently welcomed Nectome into its fold. The company managed to raise more than $1 million in funding so far and was awarded two prizes by the Brain Preservation Foundation, as well as a large government grant to collaborate with MIT. However, the widespread public criticism that followed the waiting list announcement resulted in MIT cutting all ties with Nectome.<\/p>\n<h2>The 2045 Initiative promises to help humanity achieve immortality by 2045<\/h2>\n<p>Nectome isn\u2019t the only company working on uploading our minds to a computer. In 2011, the Russian businessman and billionaire Dmitry Itskov founded the 2045 Initiative, an organisation that aims to help humanity achieve immortality by 2045. \u201cWithin the next 30 years, I am going to make sure that we can all live forever,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-35786771\">claims<\/a> Itskov. \u201cThe ultimate goal of my plan is to transfer someone&#8217;s personality into a completely new body\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Start-Up Offers To Back Up Your Brain In Exchange For Your Life\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f9AGApt3bMQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The 2045 Initiative has laid out its plan in three stages. The first stage involves building a humanoid robot called the Avatar, and a cutting-edge brain-computer interface system. The second stage consists of building a life support system for the human brain, and linking it with the Avatar. The third and final stage involves creating an artificial brain that would hold the original individual consciousness.<\/p>\n<h2>Current evidence suggests that mind uploading is theoretically possible<\/h2>\n<p>So, can it actually be done? Is it really possible to upload a mind to a computer? The short answer is: yes, theoretically. \u201cAll of the evidence seems to say in theory it&#8217;s possible &#8211; it&#8217;s extremely difficult, but it&#8217;s possible,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-35786771\">says<\/a> neuroscientist Randal Koene, the scientific director of the 2045 Initiative. The human brain is an incredibly complex organ, consisting of about 86 billion neurons that constantly exchange information with one another. All of the connections between the neurons in a brain are called the connectome, and many scientists believe that this connectome actually holds the information that makes us who we are. And mapping it could potentially allow us to recreate a person\u2019s mind.<\/p>\n<p>Our current assumption is that all brain activity is computable. If that\u2019s true and the brain does work like a computer, and if we could find a way to map that activity, scan the brain at the necessary level of detail, interpret the scan in a way that would allow us to reconstruct the brain\u2019s neural network and create a faithful simulation, and if we had enough computing power to run such a simulation, then we should be able to recreate the human mind in a computer. That\u2019s a lot of ifs, but until we know different, it remains in the realm of possibility. However, it\u2019s a very remote possibility at this point. \u201cWe are pitifully far away from mapping a human connectome,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-35786771\">says<\/a> Dr Ken Hayworth, a neuroscientist at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia. \u201cTo put it in perspective, to image a whole fly brain it is going to take us approximately one to two years. The idea of mapping a whole human brain with the existing technology that we have today is simply impossible.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>The practical and ethical issues of mind uploading<\/h2>\n<p>The main problem is that there are so many things about the human brain we don\u2019t know yet. We don\u2019t know how the mind is created. We don\u2019t know what consciousness is or how to measure it, so even if we were able to create a simulation of the human brain, we wouldn\u2019t be able to determine whether that simulation really is conscious. We don\u2019t even know exactly which brain structures and biomolecules need to be preserved to recreate a person\u2019s memory or personality, or if it\u2019s even possible.<\/p>\n<p>Many scientists are certain it can\u2019t be done. \u201cYou cannot code intuition; you cannot code aesthetic beauty; you cannot code love or hate,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-35786771\">argues<\/a> Dr Miguel Nicolelis, a neuroscientist at Duke University. \u201cThere is no way you will ever see a human brain reduced to a digital medium. It&#8217;s simply impossible to reduce that complexity to the kind of algorithmic process that you will have to have to do that.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30454\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30454\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-30454\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/05\/ethical-issuefgznun.jpg\" alt=\"Digital representation of five human heads\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30454\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main problem is that there are so many things about the human brain we don\u2019t know yet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The whole idea is also rife with ethical issues, and some experts are suggesting that \u2018Can we do it?\u2019 isn\u2019t even the right question to ask. Instead, what we should be asking is \u2018Should we do it?\u2019. Let\u2019s say that we\u2019ve successfully uploaded a human mind onto a computer. Does that mean that personal identity has also transferred along with memories and that this person is still the same? Or is it a new person with a different identity that just happens to share the same memories? What rights would this digital person have? And if you could create one copy of yourself, why wouldn\u2019t you be able to create multiple copies? In that case, which one of those copies would be the \u2018real\u2019 you? And since you wouldn\u2019t have a physical body anymore and would essentially be reduced to a stream of data, who would that data belong to? Who would own you? How could you prevent major corporations from misusing your data?<\/p>\n<p>Mind uploading is a fascinating concept, but we\u2019re not sure yet whether it\u2019s even possible. Our existing technology and our understanding of the human brain aren\u2019t advanced enough to answer that question at this time. Even if uploading the human mind onto a computer eventually turns out to be impossible, the idea is still worth pursuing further, because the technology Nectome and others are working on could have many other useful applications. For example, it could facilitate brain banking for future research into health and disease states, help us discover new brain disorder drugs, or enhance our basic neuroscience circuit mapping.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The US startup Nectome wants to upload your mind to the cloud The 2045 Initiative promises to help humanity achieve immortality by 2045 Current evidence suggests that mind uploading is theoretically possible The practical and ethical issues of mind uploading Achieving immortality has long been humanity\u2019s holy grail. Ever since we first became aware of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45640,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2872],"tags":[4218,4443,4444],"article-type":[],"trends":[],"class_list":["post-58001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-healthcare","tag-future","tag-immortality","tag-mind"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>In a future of mind uploading, will you still be you, and who will own your mind? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In a future of mind uploading, will you still be you and who will own your mind? 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