{"id":64545,"date":"2019-09-13T08:32:48","date_gmt":"2019-09-13T06:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/richardvanhooijdonk.com\/blog\/?p=64545"},"modified":"2021-07-27T14:36:58","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T12:36:58","slug":"surveillance-in-schools-an-efficient-safety-measure-or-a-way-of-tracking-students","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/surveillance-in-schools-an-efficient-safety-measure-or-a-way-of-tracking-students\/","title":{"rendered":"Surveillance in schools \u2013 an efficient safety measure, or a way of tracking students?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"bold-list\">\n<li>A small Catholic school installs a sophisticated security system equipped with facial recognition software<\/li>\n<li>Avigilon is AI-based surveillance software that can flag students as threats<\/li>\n<li>AI tools allow schools to monitor everything their students write on school computers<\/li>\n<li>Is surveillance technology making schools safer?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>School shootings have become such a common occurrence, in the United States at least, that hardly a week goes by without us hearing about a new one, often with deadly consequences. <a href=\"https:\/\/everytownresearch.org\/gunfire-in-school\/#ns\">According to<\/a> Everytown for Gun Safety, an independent organisation dedicated to understanding and reducing gun violence in America, there have been at least 471 incidents of gunfire on school grounds in the United States since 2013, resulting in 182 deaths and 364 injuries.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_67201\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-67201\" style=\"width: 338px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-67201\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-290x300.png\" alt=\"An infographic showing the number of school shootings in the US since 2013, as well as the number of deaths and injuries in those shootings, and the overall number of children in the US that are exposed to shooting each year.\" width=\"338\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-290x300.png 290w, https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-768x795.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-989x1024.png 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-67201\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to Everytown for Gun Safety, there have been 471 incidents of gunfire in US schools since 2013, resulting in 182 deaths and 364 injuries. Overall, the number of children in the US exposed to shooting each year is estimated at 3 million.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Consequently, many teachers and students feel that going to school puts them in danger, and the sentiment is shared by parents as well. The 2018 PDK Poll of the Public\u2019s Attitudes Toward the Public Schools <a href=\"https:\/\/edsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/PDKPoll2018_School-Security-Report.pdf\">reveals<\/a> that 34 per cent of parents in 2018 feared for their children\u2019s safety in school, compared to just 12 per cent in 2013. Furthermore, witnessing a shooting can have a devastating impact on a child\u2019s wellbeing, often leading to depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol and drug abuse, and even criminal activity.<\/p>\n<p>As a response to the growing number of deadly shootings, schools across the US are increasingly implementing <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/new-surveillance-tech-keeps-a-very-close-eye-on-us-should-we-be-afraid-of-it\/\">surveillance systems<\/a>, access control systems, and facial recognition technology in an attempt to prevent future incidents and protect their students and staff. <a href=\"https:\/\/technology.ihs.com\/600401\/school-security-systems-industry-us-market-overview\">According to<\/a> a recent report published by the market research firm <em>IHS Markit<\/em>, the education sector\u2019s spending on security equipment and services reached $2.7 billion in 2017, and this number is expected to continue to grow over the coming years.<\/p>\n<h2>A small Catholic school installs a sophisticated security system equipped with facial recognition software<\/h2>\n<p>Located in a quiet residential neighbourhood in Seattle, the St. Therese Catholic Academy is a small pre-K-8 school that has just over 150 students and 30 staff. Prior to the recent school shootings in Parkland and Santa Fe, the school\u2019s security system consisted of a small camera at the entrance that enabled the office staff to determine whether someone should be allowed into the school building. However, after those two tragic events, the school decided to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edsurge.com\/news\/2019-01-31-with-safety-in-mind-schools-turn-to-facial-recognition-technology-but-at-what-cost\">upgrade<\/a> its security system and install several high-resolution cameras equipped with facial recognition software.<\/p>\n<p>SAFR (Secure, Accurate Facial Recognition) is AI-powered facial recognition software developed by the Seattle-based software company RealNetworks, which the company decided to share for free with all K-12 schools in the United States. However, even though the software was free, St. Therese first had to upgrade its infrastructure to be able to use it, which involved installing new security cameras, upgrading the school\u2019s Wi-Fi, and purchasing a few Apple devices. SAFR was officially put to use at the beginning of the 2018\/2019 school year. All staff were registered in the system, and parents may soon join them as well. The school is also considering adding regular outside visitors to the database, such as the lunch caterer, the milk delivery person, and the mail carrier.<\/p>\n<p>To gain access into the building, authorised users just have to look up and smile at the cameras placed at two of the five entryways, while those not in the system require individual approval. \u201cWe don\u2019t want to think about safety and security, but we kind of have to,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edsurge.com\/news\/2019-01-31-with-safety-in-mind-schools-turn-to-facial-recognition-technology-but-at-what-cost\">says<\/a> Matt DeBoer, the principal. \u201cThis technology has taken that worry and thinking away from classroom teachers to free them up to teach.\u201d About a dozen other schools and districts have since introduced SAFR, while hundreds more have expressed interest in doing so.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Artificial Intelligence for School Safety: RealNetworks Launches SAFR | GeekWire TLDR\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pnGPjRXzPdA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Avigilon is an AI-based surveillance software that can flag students as threats<\/h2>\n<p>Some schools are using AI-based surveillance systems to do more than just monitor who comes and goes from the building; they\u2019re also using them to identify potential threats. The South Florida school system recently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2019\/02\/13\/parkland-school-turns-experimental-surveillance-software-that-can-flag-students-threats\/?noredirect=on\">announced<\/a> plans to install experimental surveillance software called Avigilon, which would enable security officials to track students based on their appearance. Once it detects a person in a place where they\u2019re not supposed to be or some other unusual event, the software automatically alerts a school monitoring officer, who can then bring up video of where that person has been recorded by the system\u2019s 145 cameras installed all over the campus.<\/p>\n<p>Avigilon doesn\u2019t use <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/en\/facial-recognition-tech-turns-our-faces-into-big-business\/\">facial recognition technology<\/a>. Instead, it uses a feature called \u2018appearance search\u2019 that allows security officials to find or flag people based on what they\u2019re wearing. In a way, this feature makes the technology even more powerful than facial recognition, because it can track people as long as the camera can see their bodies. The developers used millions of images to teach the software how people look and move. The result is that Avigilon now has the ability to recognise students from afar by analysing the shape of their body, their facial attributes, their hairstyles, and the look and color of their clothes. The images are then compared against other images captured by the system and used to create an accurate timeline of that person\u2019s movement within seconds.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSchools today are monitored by someone sitting in a communications center, looking at a video wall, when the attention span of the average human looking at a single camera and being able to detect events that are useful is about 20 minutes,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2019\/02\/13\/parkland-school-turns-experimental-surveillance-software-that-can-flag-students-threats\/?noredirect=on\">says<\/a> Mahesh Saptharishi, the chief technology officer at Motorola Solutions, which owns Avigilon. \u201cBut when something bad is happening \u2026 you need to be able in a matter of seconds to figure out where that person is right now.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Avigilon Appearance Search Technology \u2013 Reveal\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SZ54CPCxgNU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>AI tools allow schools to monitor everything their students write on school computers<\/h2>\n<p>There are also other ways to detect potential threats. Some schools are implementing Safety Management Platforms (SMPs) like Gaggle, Securly, or GoGuardian, which use natural language processing to scan millions of words students type on school computers and flag those that might indicate bullying or self-harm behavior. Gaggle, for example, charges around $5 per student annually and acts as a filter on top of tools like Google Docs and Gmail, automatically scanning all of the files, messages, and class assignments students create and store using devices and accounts issued by the school. Once its machine learning algorithm detects a word or phrase that raises flags, such as mention of drugs or signs of cyberbullying, it\u2019s first sent to human reviewers for analysis, who then decide whether the school should be alerted. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gaggle.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/ThroughTheGaggleLens-interactive.pdf\">According to<\/a> the company, Gaggle successfully flagged 5,100 potential incidents in the period between July and December of 2018, 577 of which turned out to involve someone planning an attack or violence against others.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_67203\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-67203\" style=\"width: 325px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-67203\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-2-279x300.png\" alt=\"An infographic showing the number of incidents flagged by Gaggle in the period between July and December 2018, including the number of incidents involving someone planning an attack or violence against others.\" width=\"325\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-2-279x300.png 279w, https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-2-768x826.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/School-shootings-in-us-2-952x1024.png 952w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-67203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to Gaggle, a safety management platform, it flagged 51,000 instances of questionable content by students in the period between July and December 2018, 5,100 of which were deemed potentially dangerous, while 577 involved someone planning an attack or violence against others.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Securly takes this even one step further. In addition to monitoring what students write in tools like Google Docs, schools can also use this software to perform sentiment analysis of their public posts on Facebook, Twitter, and other social media. Furthermore, the software also features an emotionally intelligent app that sends parents weekly reports that include their children\u2019s internet searches and browsing histories. Securly\u2019s CEO, Vinay Mahadik, believes that tools such as this allow schools to find the right balance between freedom and supervision. \u201cNot everybody is happy because we are talking about monitoring kids,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/1318758\/schools-are-using-ai-to-track-what-students-write-on-their-computers\/\">says<\/a> Mahadik. \u201cBut as a whole, everyone agrees there has to be a solution for keeping them safe. That\u2019s the fine line we\u2019re walking.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Is surveillance technology making schools safer?<\/h2>\n<p>Unsurprisingly, many have voiced concerns about the proliferation of surveillance technologies in schools, especially regarding student privacy. \u201cA good-faith effort to monitor students keeps raising the bar until you have a sort of surveillance state in the classroom,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/1318758\/schools-are-using-ai-to-track-what-students-write-on-their-computers\/\">says<\/a> Girard Kelly, the director of privacy review at Common Sense Media, a non-profit that promotes internet safety education for children. \u201cNot only are there metal detectors and cameras in the schools, but now their learning objectives and emails are being tracked too.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The use of facial recognition technology in school environments has proven particularly troublesome. Images captured by facial recognition software are usually processed in the cloud, which raises questions about how long they\u2019re stored, how they\u2019re used, and who has access to them. Furthermore, this technology has been shown to generate a large number of false positives and negatives, bringing its accuracy into question. There are also fears that digital surveillance could have a negative impact on students\u2019 freedom of expression and prevent them from speaking their mind.<\/p>\n<p>As gun violence becomes a regular feature of school life in the United States, schools are increasingly turning to various surveillance technologies in an attempt to protect their students and prevent further incidents from happening. From facial recognition software that allows schools to monitor who comes and goes to AI-powered software that can track students based on what they\u2019re wearing to AI tools that allow schools to keep track of everything students write on their school-issued computers, surveillance technologies are changing the way children experience education. Schools have a duty to protect their students, which means that we might just have to get used to the idea of surveillance in a school environment. We\u2019ll just have to find a way to ensure that safety doesn\u2019t come at the expense of privacy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A small Catholic school installs a sophisticated security system equipped with facial recognition software Avigilon is AI-based surveillance software that can flag students as threats AI tools allow schools to monitor everything their students write on school computers Is surveillance technology making schools safer? School shootings have become such a common occurrence, in the United [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":64557,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2867],"tags":[4963,4423,5194],"article-type":[],"trends":[5485],"class_list":["post-64545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-facial-recognition-technology","tag-schools","tag-surveillance-technology","trends-artificial-intelligence-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Surveillance in schools \u2013 an efficient safety measure, or a way of tracking students? - Richard van Hooijdonk Blog<\/title>\n<meta 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